“We know who lives inside wild fish. We don’t know what happens in there” by Pablo Sar

Grouper (Epinephelus sp.). Groupers can host a wide range of parasites, including anisakids and myxozoans. Photo: LDLP.<p> This post was originally published on my Substack. I’m sharing it here because parasite–host interactions in wild fish may have substantial and largely neglected welfare implications, while we still know remarkably little about the experiences of the animals involved. The post is intended mainly to highlight this empirical gap and some potentially tractable directions for further research.</p><p><strong> Introduction</strong></p><p> Cataracts cover much of both eyes of a fish who is still feeding and moving normally. A bird approaches from above, unseen. The attack succeeds. If anyone is keeping count, the fish is recorded as a death from predation.</p><p> This is not a hypothetical case. In fish from Kalmar Sound, the trematode Diplostomum, whose larvae settle in the lens of the eye, was found in 86 of the 88 fish examined, while all 88 had detectable eye-fluke-induced cataracts. Cataracts covered more than half of both eyes in 35% of the sample. Among those tested against a simulated attack from above, none with more than half of both eyes covered responded by fleeing. This does not prove that they were caught more often in the wild [...]</p> <p>---</p><p><strong>Outline:</strong></p><p>(00:49) Introduction</p><p>(02:59) Weishan: even the census fails</p><p>(04:56) Ligula: presence alone is not enough</p><p>(06:22) Anisakids: parasites we study for another reason</p><p>(08:39) What if the parasites suffer too?</p><p>(11:21) How many individuals does this happen to?</p><p>(14:16) The numbers do not decide on their own</p><p>(15:38) My bet</p> <p>---</p>

<p><b>First published:</b><br/>

September 3rd, 2026 </p>

<p><b>Source:</b><br/>

<a href="https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/qXW3QgcpTkhcu63Fc/we-know-who-lives-inside-wild-fish-we-don-t-know-what?utm_source=TYPE_III_AUDIO&utm_medium=Podcast&utm_content=Source+URL+in+episode+description&utm_campaign=ai_narration" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/qXW3QgcpTkhcu63Fc/we-know-who-lives-inside-wild-fish-we-don-t-know-what</a> </p>

<p>---</p>

<p>Narrated by <a href="https://type3.audio/?utm_source=TYPE_III_AUDIO&utm_medium=Podcast&utm_content=Narrated+by+TYPE+III+AUDIO&utm_term=ea_forum&utm_campaign=ai_narration" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">TYPE III AUDIO</a>.</p>

<p>---</p><div style="max-width: 100%";><p><strong>Images from the article:</strong></p><a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/qXW3QgcpTkhcu63Fc/tilfhocqjwjzy40s99bd" target="_blank"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/qXW3QgcpTkhcu63Fc/tilfhocqjwjzy40s99bd" alt="Grouper (Epinephelus sp.). Groupers can host a wide range of parasites, including anisakids and myxozoans. Photo: LDLP." style="max-width: 100%;" /></a><hr style="margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px;" /><a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/qXW3QgcpTkhcu63Fc/e95z1f5ipq8ozbydqgoi" target="_blank"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/qXW3QgcpTkhcu63Fc/e95z1f5ipq8ozbydqgoi" alt="Myxozoan diversity in wild fish from Lake Weishan. Data from Ding et al. (2026). Concept and direction by the author; illustration generated with Claude." style="max-width: 100%;" /></a><hr style="margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px;" /><a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/qXW3QgcpTkhcu63Fc/axpi5kchedq9u1vtp0je" target="_blank"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/qXW3QgcpTkhcu63Fc/axpi5kchedq9u1vtp0je" alt="The Anisakis life cycle and the open question of long-term encapsulation in fish. Concept and direction by the author; illustration generated with Claude." style="max-width: 100%;" /></a><hr style="marg