The 45-Hour Rule: How Self-Employment in Europe Affects Early U.S. Social Security Benefits

It’s probably a common strategy: Take early retirement and start receiving U.S. Social Security benefits before age 67, move to Europe, and supplement your income with some self-employed side-hustle (for example, writing on Substack or getting monetised on youtube). It makes sense, but there’s a little something called the “45-hour rule” that could undermine your plans if you’re not careful and informed in advance.

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