Chapter Twenty-Two: Introduction to Disorders of Osmolality

References

This is the famous Edelman equation from JCI in 1958 by Isodore Edelman! Interrelations between serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity and total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water (not to be confused by Isildur House of Isildur - Tolkien Gateway

Joel mentioned his slide deck on Edelman: https://pbfluids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/QN_III-The-Edelman-Equation-full-lecture-from-2020-07-30.pdf

This is an excellent review (with great figures) on Osmotic homeostasis by Danziger and Zeidel in CJASN

Joel and JC mentioned the work from Joseph Verbalis on hyponatremia- this is an excellent review that includes population data from NHANES plus striking images of the osteopenic bones in hyponatremic rats! Check this out! Hyponatremia‐induced osteoporosis - Verbalis - 2010 - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research - Wiley Online Library

Joel and JC mentioned “reference 2” from the chapter by Kleeman and others on diuretic induced hyponatremia which invoked hypokalemia as an important player: Diuretic-Induced Hyponatremia | Annals of Internal Medicine

We couldn't help flirting with diarrhea a little Secretory diarrhoea: mechanisms and emerging therapies - PMC

We talked about cravings for those with salt losses and here’s one example Gitelman syndrome in a South African family presenting with hypokalaemia and unusual food cravings - PMC

PBFluids classic: Saltiest Sodium. Dumbest Dude

Volume Depletion versus Dehydration: How Understanding the Difference Can Guide Therapy here’s one of many articles that argues for choosing language wisely.

Amy’s VOG references:

PMC3041494