How Fascism Shaped Modern Sex Testing Policies

<p>How Fascism Shaped Modern Sex Testing Policies</p><p>In this episode, Johanna and Anna chat with Michael Waters about the complex history of gender, sexuality, and politics in sports, focusing on the 1936 Berlin Olympics, sex testing policies, and the broader implications for contemporary debates on trans inclusion.</p><p>Michael Waters is an esteemed author and historian whose work has been featured in <em>The Atlantic</em>, the <em>New York Times</em>, and <em>Slate</em>, among numerous other outlets. He recently published the essential trade history, <em>The Other Olympians: Fascism, Queerness, and the Making of Modern Sports</em>. For those engaged in a critical analysis of athletics and the gendered systems utilized by authoritarian regimes to regulate bodies, this book is a mandatory read.</p><p>Chapters</p><p>02:04 The story of Zdenek Kovac and its significance</p><p>04:07 The origins of the book and its research process</p><p>06:48 Kovac&#39;s memoir and its historical importance</p><p>10:05 The medical and social context of Kovac&#39;s transition</p><p>13:00 Perceptions of gender and sexuality in the 1930s</p><p>15:58 Nuances in medical and societal responses to gender transition</p><p>19:54 The role of Alice Milliat and women&#39;s sports activism</p><p>22:57 The politics of the Women&#39;s World Games</p><p>28:10 The co-optation and suppression of women&#39;s sports movements</p><p>32:57 The controversy around Kubek and gender rumors</p><p>37:51 The influence of fascism and Nazi ideology on sports policies</p><p>44:09 The rise of sex testing policies and their political motivations</p><p>51:53 The international context and resistance to gender policing</p><p>01:00:01 The impact of the 1936 Berlin Olympics and its legacy</p><p>01:05:48 Contemporary parallels and the ongoing backlash against trans athletes</p><p>01:13:54 The future of gender and sports policies</p><p>01:16:51 Michael Waters&#39; current project on credit systems</p><p>Keywords: sports history, gender politics, 1936 Berlin Olympics, sex testing, trans rights, fascism, queer history, international sports, Alice Milliat, Michael Waters</p><p>Hosts in this episode: Anna &amp; Johanna</p><p>________________________________________</p><p><strong>Support &amp; Follow The End of Sport</strong></p><p><strong>Patreon:</strong> <a href="https://www.patreon.com/Theendofsport"><u>⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠patreon.com/Theendofsport⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠</u></a> (Support the show!)</p><p><strong>Bluesky:</strong> <a href="htt