Predictability Changes Everything

Randomness is brutal on a nervous system, and dogs are no exception. We come back from a much-needed “touch grass” break and dig into one of the most cited papers in the e-collar debate: the Schalke study on predictability and stress. People love to wave it around as proof that electronic collars are inherently harmful, but when we slow down and read what the researchers actually measured, the real takeaway is sharper and more practical: unpredictability is what drives the biggest cortisol sp...